Changes

{{hh}} {{handbook sidebar|Editor toc }}

== General ==

To edit a [[MediaWiki]] page, click on the "'''Edit this page'''" (or just "'''edit'''") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the ''[[Wikitextwikitext]]'': the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. For the special codes, see below.

After adding to or changing the wikitext it is useful to press "Preview", which produces the corresponding webpage in your browser but does not make it publicly available yet (not until you press "Save"). Errors in formatting, links, tables, etc., are often much easier to discover from the rendered page than from the raw wikitext.

If you are not satisfied you can make more changes and preview the page as many times as necessary. Then write a short [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small text field below the edit-box and when finished press "Save". Depending on your system, pressing the "Enter" key while the edit box is not active (i.e., there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing "Save".

You may find it more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite [[Enen:text editor|text editor]], edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your [[Enen:web browser|web browser]] to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you have edited. It also allows you to make changes offline, but before you submit your changes, ''please make sure nobody else has edited the page'' since you saved your local copy (by checking the [[Help:Page page history|page history]]), otherwise you may accidently revert someone else's edits. If someone ''has'' edited it since you copied the page, you'll have to merge their edits into your new version (you can find their specific edits by using the "[[Help:Diffdiff|diff]]" feature of the page history). These issues are handled automatically by the Mediawiki software if you edit the page online, retrieving and submitting the wikicode in the same text box.

To edit a See also [[MediaWikiarchitecture]] page, click on the "'''Edit this page'''" (or just "'''edit'''") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the ''[[Wikitext]]'': the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. For the special codes, see below.

If you are the wikitext is not satisfied you can make more changes changed no edit will be recorded and preview the page as many times as necessary. Then write a short [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small text field below the edit-box and when finished press "Save". Depending on your system, pressing the "Enter" key while the edit box is not active (i.e., there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing "Save"discarded.

You may find it more convenient to copy and paste A dummy edit is a change in wikitext that has no effect on the text first into your favorite [[En:text editor|text editor]]rendered page, edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your such as changing the number of [[Enw:web browsernewline|web browsernewline]] s at some position from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3 or conversely (changing from 1 to preview2 makes a difference, see below). This wayallows an edit summary, you can also keep and is useful for correcting a local backup copy previous edit summary, or an accidental marking of the pages you have editeda previous edit as "minor" (see below). It also allows you Also it is sometimes needed to make changes offline, but before you submit your changes, ''please make sure nobody else has edited refresh the page'' since you saved your local copy (by checking cache of some item in the [[Help:Page history|page history]])database, otherwise you may accidently revert someone else's editssee e.g. If someone ''has'' edited it since you copied the page, you'll have to merge their edits into your new version (you can find their specific edits by using the "[[Help:DiffCategory#A_category_tag_in_a_template.3B_caching_problem|diffA category tag in a template; caching problem]]" feature of the page history). These issues are handled automatically by the Mediawiki software if you edit the page online, retrieving and submitting the wikicode in the same text box.

See also == Minor edits ==When editing a page, a [[MediaWiki architectureUser's Guide: Logging-in|logged-in]]user has the option of flagging the edit as a "minor edit". This feature is important, because users can choose to ''hide'' minor edits in their view of the [[MediaWiki User's Guide: The Recent Changes page | Recent Changes page]], to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.

== Dummy When to use this is somewhat a matter of personal preference. The rule of thumb is that edits consisting of spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit ". ==A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth revisiting for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely. So any "real" change, even if it is a single word, should be flagged as a "major edit".

If the wikitext The reason for not allowing a user who is '''<u>NOT</u><u></u><u></u>''' changed no not logged in to mark an edit will as minor is that vandalism could then be recorded and the marked as a minor edit summary , in which case it would stay unnoticed longer. This limitation is discardedanother reason to log in.

A dummy edit is a change in wikitext that has no effect on == The wiki markup ==In the rendered page, such as changing left column of the number of [[W:newline|newlines]] at some position from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3 or conversely (changing from 1 to 2 makes a differencetable below, you can see below)what effects are possible. This allows an edit summary, and is useful for correcting a previous edit summaryIn the right column, or an accidental marking of a previous edit as "minor" (you can see below)how those effects were achieved. Also In other words, to make text look like it is sometimes needed to refresh looks in the cache of some item left column, type it in the database, format you see e.g. [[Help:Category#A_category_tag_in_a_template.3B_caching_problem|A category tag in a template; caching problem]]the right column.

When editing a page=== Sections, a [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Logging-in|logged-in]] user has the option of flagging the edit as a paragraphs, lists and lines ===<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="minor edit0". This feature is important, because users can choose to ''hide'' minor edits in their view of the [[MediaWiki User's Guide><tr><th>What it looks like</th><th>What you type</th></tr><tr><td>Start your sections with header lines: The Recent Changes page|Recent Changes page]], to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.

When to use this is somewhat a matter of personal preference. The rule of thumb is that edits consisting of spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth revisiting for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely. So any "real" change, even if it is a single word, should be flagged as a "major edit".  The reason for not allowing a user who is not logged in to mark an edit as minor is that vandalism could then be marked as a minor edit, in which case it would stay unnoticed longer. This limitation is another reason to log in.  == The wiki markup == In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.  You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the [[Sandbox]].  === Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines === {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"|-! What it looks like ! What you type|-| Start your sections with header lines: <!-- This is the original

-->  <!-- next set

-->  <!-- This code prevents confusion in the section editing feature--> '''<b><font style="font-size: 120%;">New section</font>''' </b> <b><font style="font-size:110%"> Subsection</font></b>

'''<b><font style="font-size: 110100%;">SubsectionSub-subsection</font>''' </b>

'''<font style="font-size: 100%;"/td><td><pre>Sub-subsection</fontnowiki>'''

| <pre>== New section ==

</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>[[Enen:newline|Newline]]:  A singlenewlinehas noeffect on thelayout.

A single newline has no effect on the layoutBut an empty linestarts a new paragraph.

(<nowiki><p></nowiki> disables this paragraphing until <nowiki></p></nowiki> or in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the end of order newline, div tag, newline, the sectionresult is two newlines)

| <pre>A single

starts a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph. <p>Sufficient as wikitext code is &lt;br&gt;, the XHTML code &lt;br /&gt; is not needed, the system produces this code. </p></td>  | <td><pre><nowiki>You can break lines&lt;<br&gt;>without starting a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>|-</td>| </tr><tr><td>*Lists are easy to do: **start every line with a star ***more stars means deeper levels *A newline *in a list marks the end of the list.  *Of course *you can

| </td><td><pre><nowiki>* Lists are easy to do:

</nowiki></pre>|-</td>| </tr><tr><td>#Numbered lists are also good ##very organized ##easy to follow #A newline #in a list marks the end of the list.  #New numbering starts

| </td><td><pre><nowiki># Numbered lists are also good

</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>*You can even do mixed lists *#and nest them *#*like this<br>or have newlines<br>inside lists</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>* You can even do mixed lists

*#* like this&lt;<br&gt;>or have newlines&lt;<br&gt;>inside lists</nowiki></pre>|-</td>| </tr><tr><td>*You can also

</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>* You can also**break lines&lt;<br&gt;>inside lists&lt;<br&gt;>like this</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr>| <tr><td>;Definition list&nbsp; :list of definitions ;item&nbsp; :the item's definition</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>; Definition list&nbsp;: list

; item&nbsp;: the item's definition</nowiki></pre>|-</td>| </tr><tr><td>

* This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]]s.</td><td><pre><nowiki>: A colon indents a line or paragraph.A manual newline starts a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>| <pre><nowiki>IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN

* chemical structures;</nowiki></pre>  WARNING If you make it wide, you [[Enen:page widening|force the whole page to be wide]] and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.<br> <center>(see also below)</center> | </td><td><pre><nowiki> IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN

* chemical structures;</nowiki></pre></td>|- </tr><tr valign="top"| ><td><center>Centered text.</center> | </td><td><pre>&lt;<nowiki><center&gt;>Centered text.&lt;</center&gt;></nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr>| <tr><td>A [[Enen:horizontal dividing line|horizontal dividing line]]: above

and below.

Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages. </td>| <td><pre><nowiki>A horizontal dividing line: above

and below. </nowiki></pre>|}</td></tr></table>

Summarizing the effect of a single newline: no effect in general, but it ends a list item or indented part; thus changing some text into a list item, or indenting it, is more cumbersome if it contains newlines, they have to be removed; see also [[Ww:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks]].

=== Links, URLs ===

{| cellspacing<table border="01" cellpadding="2" bordercellspacing="10">|-<tr>! <th>What it looks like </th>! <th>What you type</th>|- </tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>Sue is reading the [[Video video policy]]. *First letter of target is automatically capitalized.

Thus the (This is called a [[Linkpiped link]] above is to <nowiki>http://meta.wikipedia).org/wiki/Video_policy</nowiki>, which is the page with the name "Video policy".  | <pre>Sue is reading the [[video policy]].</pretd>|-| Link to a section on a page, e.g. [[List of cities by country#Morocco]]; when section editing does not work the link is treated as link to the page, i.e. to the top; this applies for:  *links to non-existent sections *links in redirects *interwiki links | <pretd>[[List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco]].</pre>|- valign="top"| Link target and link label are different: [[User:Larry Sanger|answers]]. (This is called a [[Piped link]]).  | <prenowiki>Same target, different name:[[User:Larry Sanger|answers]]</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top">| <td>Endings are blended into the link: [[Official official position]]s, [[Genegene]]s </td><td>| <pre><nowiki>Endings are blendedinto the link: [[official position]]s, [[gene]]s</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top">| <td>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[Kingdom kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].  <p>Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. </p> <p>The server fills in the part after the &#124; | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature. </p></td><td>| <pre><nowiki>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:[[kingdom (biology)|]]. </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki>Automatically hide namespace:[[Wikipedia:Village pump|]].</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name:  :[[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]] or four for user name plus date/time:  :[[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]] 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>When adding a comment to a Talk page,

: ~~~~</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet. *You can create it by clicking on the link. *To create a new page: *#Create a link to it on some other page. *#Save that page. *#Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.

</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>[[The weather in London]] is a pagethat doesn't exist yet.</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>[[MediaWiki User's Guide: Using redirects|Redirect]] one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line. </td>| <td><pre><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States]]</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>A link to the page on the same subject in another language or, more generally, to a page on another wiki: [[fr:Wikip�dia:Aide]]. For more info see [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Interwiki linking]]. </td>| <td><pre><nowiki>[[fr:Wikip�dia:Aide]], [[:fr:Wikip�dia:Aide]]</nowiki></pre></td></tr>|-<tr>| <td>"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:<br/> [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] </td>| <td><pre><nowiki>[[Special:Whatlinkshere/

Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>External links: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com] | </td><td><pre><nowiki>External links:

[http://www.nupedia.com]</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com. *In the [[Enen:URL|URL]] all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&amp;#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written&nbsp;%5E (to be looked up in [[Enen:ASCII|ASCII]]). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>Or just give the URL:http://www.nupedia.com.</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>To link to a bug in Mozilla's Bugzilla, use the <tt>bug</tt> template. {{bug|322603}} </td><td>| <pre><nowiki>{{bug&#124;|322603}}</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>To link to books, you can use [[Enen:ISBN|ISBN]] links. ISBN 0123456789X See [[Help:ISBN links]] </td><td>| <pre><nowiki>ISBN 0123456789X</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>Link to [[Ww:Request for Comments|Request for Comments]]: RFC 123 (URL specified in [[MediaWikimediawiki:Rfcurl]]) </td><td>| <pre><nowiki>RFC 123</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. <br/>[[Mediamedia:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]] </td><td>| <pre><nowiki>[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top">| <td>Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use [[Special:Preferences]] to change your own date display setting. | </td><td><pre><nowiki>[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]]

</nowiki></pre>will all appear as [[20 July]] [[1969]] if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001.|}</td></tr></table>

=== Images ===

{| cellspacing<table border="01" cellpadding="2" bordercellspacing="10">|-<tr>! <th>What it looks like </th>! <th>What you type</th>|- </tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]] *For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]]</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre> or, with alternate text (''strongly'' encouraged) <!-- actually required in HTML4 --> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png&#124;|Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]] </pre> [[En:Web browser|Web browsers]] render alternate text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See [[En:Wikipedia:Alternate text for images|Alternate text for images]] for help on choosing alternate text. See [[En:Wikipedia:Extended image syntax|Extended image syntax]] for more options.  |-| Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: [[:Image:Wiki.png]]  | <prenowiki>[[:Image:Wiki.png]]

[[en:Web browser|Web browser]]s render alternate text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See [[en:Wikipedia:Alternate text for images|Alternate text for images]] for help on choosing alternate text. See [[en:Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax|Extended image syntax]] for more options.| </td></tr><tr><td>To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn Clicking on the an uploaded image displays a description page, use a "media" which you can also linkdirectly to: [[:Image:Wiki. png]]<br/td><td><pre><nowiki>[[Media:TornadoImage:Wiki.jpg|Image of a Tornadopng]] </nowiki></pre></td></tr>

<tr><td>To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.<br/>[[media:Tornado.jpg| Image of a Tornado]]</td><td><pre><nowiki>[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]</nowiki></pre>|}</td></tr>

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"|-! What it looks like ! What you type|- valignCharacter formatting ==="top"| ''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.

</td><td>| <pre><nowiki>''Emphasize'', '''strongly''','''''very strongly'''''.</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>You can also write ''<i>italic'' </i> and '''<b>bold''' </b>if the desired effect is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulae:  :'''<b>F''' </b> = ''<i>m'''''</i><b>a'''</b>

</td><td>| <pre><nowiki>You can also write &lt;<i&gt;>italic&lt;</i&gt;>and &lt;<b&gt;>bold&lt;</b&gt; > if the desired effect is a

:&lt;<b&gt;>F&lt;</b&gt; > = &lt;<i&gt;>m&lt;</i&gt;&lt;><b&gt;>a&lt;</b&gt;></nowiki></pre><!-- that's not a mathematical formula, though - sure it is, just because it's being applied to physics doesn't make it stop being mathematics -->|- </td></tr><tr valign="top">| <td>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>. | </td><td><pre><nowiki>A typewriter font for &lt;<tt&gt;>technical terms&lt;</tt&gt;>.</nowiki></pre>|</td><!-- tt is really 'teletype', not 'technical term' - -></tr><tr valign="top">| <td>You can use <small>small text</small> for captions. | </td><td><pre><nowiki>You can use &lt;<small&gt;>small text&lt;</small&gt; > for captions.</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top"| ><td>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> and <u>underline new material</u>. </td>| <td><pre><nowiki>You can &lt;<strike&gt;>strike out deleted material&lt;</strike&gt;>and &lt;<u&gt;>underline new material&lt;</u&gt;>.</nowiki></pre>|- </td></tr><tr valign="top">| <td>'''Umlauts and accents:''' (See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters]])<br/> è é ê ë ì í<br/> <br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å &Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring; <br/> Æ Ç È É Ê Ë &AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml; <br/> Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò &Igrave; &Iacute;&Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve; <br/> Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù &Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde;&Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave; <br/> Ú Û Ü ß à á &Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig;&agrave; &aacute; <br/> â ã ä å æ ç &acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig;&ccedil; <br/> è é ê ë ì í&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;<br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô &icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc; <br/> œ õ ö ø ù ú &oelig; &otilde;&ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute; <br/>&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</td><td><pre><nowiki> û ü ÿ

| <pre>è é ê ë ì í

&amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</nowiki></pre></td></tr>|- <tr valign="top">| <td>'''Punctuation:'''<br/> ¿ ¡ «&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &nbsppara;» § ¶<br/> † ‡ • — &dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &mdash;| </td><td><pre><nowiki>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para;&amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; &amp;mdash;</nowiki></pre></td></tr>|- <tr valign="top">| <td>'''Commercial symbols:'''<br/> ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ &trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen; <br/> £ ¤ &pound; &curren;</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen;

</nowiki></pre></td>|- </tr><tr valign="top" id="subscript"| ><td>Subscript: x₂<br/> Superscript: x² or x² x&sup2;

 ε&epsilon;₀ = 8.85 × &times; 10^{−12&minus;12} C² C&sup2; / J m. <br/> <br/> 1 [[Hectarehectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]] </td>| <td><pre><nowiki>Subscript: x&lt;<sub&gt;>2&lt;</sub&gt;>Superscript: x&lt;<sup&gt;>2&lt;</sup&gt; > or x&amp;sup2;

Subscript: x{{sub&#124;|2}}Superscript: x{{sup&#124;|2}}

&amp;epsilon;&lt;<sub&gt;>0&lt;</sub&gt; > =8.85 &amp;times; 10&lt;<sup&gt;>&amp;minus;12&lt;</sup&gt;>

</nowiki></pre></td></tr>|- <tr valign="top"| ><td>'''Greek characters:''' <br/> α β γ δ ε ζ &alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta; <br/> η θ ι κ λ μ ν &eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu; <br/> ξ ο π ρ σ ς &xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf; <br/> τ υ φ χ ψ ω&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;<br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π &Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi; <br/> Σ Φ Ψ Ω &Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;</td>| <td><pre><nowiki>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta;

</nowiki></pre></td>|- </tr><tr valign="top">| <td>'''Math characters:''' <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;<br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ →&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;<br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;<br/> ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;<br/> ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;<br/> → ↔&rarr; &harr;<br/> </td>| <td valign="middle" | ><pre><nowiki>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin;

&amp;rarr; &amp;harr;</nowiki></pre></td>|- </tr><tr valign="top"| ''><td><i>x''</i>²&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true. *To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - <tt>&amp;nbsp;</tt>.

| <pre>arrow &ltrarr;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 true.</pre>|-| '''Complicated formulae:'''<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

*See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing mathematical formulae:TeX markup|TeX markup]] | <pre>&lt;math&gt;\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}&lt;/math&gt;</pre>|-| 'italics''For comparison for the following examples:'''  arrow →  ''italics'' [[Linklink]] </td>| <td valign="bottom" | ><pre><nowiki>arrow &amp;rarr;

[[link]]</nowiki></pre>|-</td></tr>| <tr><td>'''Use &lt;nowiki&gt; > to suppress interpretation of wiki markup, but interpret character references and remove newlines and multiple spaces:'''

</nowiki> </td><td valign="bottom"><pre><nowiki><nowiki>arrow &amp;rarr;

| valign="bottom" | ''italics''[[link]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre></td></tr><tr><td>'''Use &lt;nowiki&gt;arrow &amp;rarr;pre> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:'''

''italics''[[link]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</pre>|-| '''Use &lt;prearrow &gtrarr; to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:''' <pre>arrow →

</pre> | </td><td valign="bottom" | ><!-- <pre> or <nowiki> inside <pre> breaks the renderer --> <pre>&lt;pre&gt;>arrow &amp;rarr;

[[link]]&lt;/pre&gt;></pre>|-</td>| </tr><tr><td>'''Use leading space on each line to keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font:'''   arrow →&rarr;

[[Linklink]]</td>| <td valign="bottom" | ><pre> arrow &amp;rarr;

|-</td>| </tr><tr><td>'''Use typewriter font:'''

<tt>arrow → &rarr;</tt>

<tt>''italics''</tt> <tt>[[Linklink]]</tt>

| </td><td valign="bottom" | ><pre>&lt;<tt&gt;>arrow &amp;rarr;&lt;</tt&gt;>

&lt;<tt&gt;>''italics''&lt;</tt&gt;>&lt;<tt&gt;>[[link]]&lt;</tt&gt;></pre>|-</td></tr><tr>| <td>'''Show character references:'''

&amp;rarr; </td><td valign="bottom"><pre>&amp;amp;rarr;</pre></td></tr><tr><td>'''Commenting page source:'''<br/>''not shown in page''* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.</td><td><pre>&lt;!-- comment here --&gt;</pre></td></tr></table>

| valign="bottom" | <pre>&amp;amp;rarr;</pre>|-| '''Commenting page source:'''<br> ''not shown in page'' == HTML Tables ===

*Used HTML tables can be quite useful as well. For details on how to leave comments in a page for future editorsuse them and discussion about when they are appropriate, see [[Help:Table]].

In a few cases the *[[interlanguage link labeled "{{MediaWiki:Editthispage}}" is replaced by the text "{{MediaWiki:Protectedpage}}" ]]s (or equivalents in see also above) - the language of mutual order is preserved, but otherwise the project). In that case positions within the page can not be edited. are immaterial *[[category]] specification - ditto== Position-independent wikitext ==*<nowiki>__NOTOC__, __FORCETOC__</nowiki>, see [[Help:Section]]

Wikitext for which the result does not depend on the position in the wikitext page:  *[[Interlanguage link]]s (see also above) - the mutual order is preserved, but otherwise the positions within the page are immaterial *[[Category]] specification - ditto *<nowiki>__NOTOC__, __FORCETOC__</nowiki>, see [[Help:Section]]==Separating edits==

== Separating When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and also making other edits ==, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the [[Help:Diff|diff function]] can be usefully applied for checking these other edits.

When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and ==See also making other edits, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the [[Help:Diff|diff function]] can be usefully applied for checking these other edits. ==

<br> {{hc|langs=[[bg:Уикипеди�?:Как �?е редактират �?траници|bg]], [[Da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side|da]], [[Help:Seite bearbeiten|de]], [[Es:C&oacute;mo se edita una p&aacute;gina|es]], [[Eo:Kiel redakti pagxon|eo]], [[Es:Wikipedia:C&oacute;mo se edita una p&aacute;gina|es]], [[Fr:Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page|fr]], [[Hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot|hu]], [[Ja:Wikipedia:&#32232;&#38598;&#12398;&#20181;&#26041; |ja]], [[Ro:Wikipedia:Cum s&#259; editezi o pagin&#259; |ro]], [[nds:Woans_Geiht_Dat_Schriewen|nds]], [[Sk:Wikipedia:Prehľad editácie stránok|sk]], [[Sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani|sl]], [[Sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida|sv]], [[Tr:Wikipedia:Sayfa_nas%C4%B1l_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirilir|tr]], [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi|vi]], [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0|sr]], [[Zh:Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2 |zh]], [[Ru:&#1050;&#1072;&#1082; &#1088;&#1077;&#1076;&#1072;&#1082;&#1090;&#1080;&#1088;&#1086;&#1074;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100; &#1089;&#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1080;&#1094;&#1091; |ru]]}}