As noted earlier, the output buffer must be completely initialized to fully transparent black at the beginning of each play. This is to ensure that each play of the animation will be identical. Decoders are free to avoid an explicit clear step as long as the result is guaranteed to be identical. For example, if the default image is included in the animation, and uses a `blend_op` of APNG_BLEND_OP_SOURCE, clearing is not necessary because the entire output buffer will be overwritten.
Note, at the end of the fcTL chunk is a 32-bit CRC checksum. The checksum is calculated using the fcTL chunk and includes the 'fcTL' bytes.
== `fdAT`: The Frame Data Chunk ==