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<table>
The Server Side TLS guidelines content has moved to two places
  <tr>
* Mozilla's internal guidelines can be found on the Mozilla Confluence at https://mozilla-hub.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/SECURITY/pages/2717548595/Server+Side+TLS+Recommended+Configurations
    <td style="min-width: 25em;">__TOC__</td>
* The public guidelines have been moved to a community working group managed project outside of Mozilla. The public guidelines can be found at https://docs.tlsref.org/ and the source code can be found at https://github.com/tlsref/docs
    <td style="vertical-align: top; max-width: 60em; padding-left: .75rem;">The goal of this document is to help operational teams with the configuration of TLS. All Mozilla websites and deployments should follow the recommendations below.
 
Mozilla maintains this document as a reference guide for navigating the TLS landscape, as well as a [https://ssl-config.mozilla.org configuration generator] to assist system administrators. Changes are reviewed and merged by the Mozilla Operations Security and Enterprise Information Security teams.
 
Updates to this page should be submitted to the [https://github.com/mozilla/server-side-tls server-side-tls] repository on GitHub. Issues related to the [https://ssl-config.mozilla.org configuration generator] are maintained in their own [https://github.com/mozilla/ssl-config-generator GitHub repository].
 
In the interests of usability and maintainability, these guidelines have been considerably simplified from the [[Security/Archive/Server Side TLS 4.0|previous guidelines]].
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
 
= Recommended configurations =
<span style="float: right; max-width: 600px; text-align: center;">
[[Image:Ssl-config.mozilla.org.png|600px|link=https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/|Mozilla SSL Configuration Generator]]<br>
The [https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/ Mozilla SSL Configuration Generator]
</span>
Mozilla maintains three recommended configurations for servers using TLS. Pick the correct configuration depending on your audience:
 
* <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">Modern</span>''':''' Modern clients that support TLS 1.3, with no need for backwards compatibility
* <span style="color: orange; font-weight: bold;">Intermediate</span>''':''' Recommended configuration for a general-purpose server
* <span style="color: gray; font-weight: bold;">Old</span>''':''' Services accessed by very old clients or libraries, such as Internet Explorer 8 (Windows XP), Java 6, or OpenSSL 0.9.8
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1.5rem 1rem;"
|-
! Configuration
! Firefox
! Android
! Chrome
! Edge
! Internet Explorer
! Java
! OpenSSL
! Opera
! Safari
|-
| style="color: green;" | '''Modern'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 63
| style="text-align: center;" | 10.0
| style="text-align: center;" | 70
| style="text-align: center;" | 75
| style="text-align: center;" | --
| style="text-align: center;" | 11
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.1.1
| style="text-align: center;" | 57
| style="text-align: center;" | 12.1
|-
| style="color:orange;" | '''Intermediate'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 27
| style="text-align: center;" | 4.4.2
| style="text-align: center;" | 31
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
| style="text-align: center;" | 11 (Win7)
| style="text-align: center;" | 8u31
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.0.1
| style="text-align: center;" | 20
| style="text-align: center;" | 9
|-
| style="color:gray;" | '''Old'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.3
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
| style="text-align: center;" | 8 (WinXP)
| style="text-align: center;" | 6
| style="text-align: center;" | 0.9.8
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
|}
 
<p style="max-width: 60em;">The ordering of cipher suites in the <span style="color: gray; font-weight: bold;">Old</span> configuration is very important, as it determines the priority with which algorithms are selected.</p>
 
<p style="max-width: 60em;">OpenSSL will ignore cipher suites it doesn't understand, so always use the full set of cipher suites below, in their recommended order. The use of the <span style="color: gray; font-weight: bold;">Old</span> configuration with modern versions of OpenSSL may require custom builds with support for deprecated ciphers.</p>
<br style="clear: right;">
 
== <span style="color:green;">'''Modern'''</span> compatibility ==
For services with clients that support TLS 1.3 and don't need backward compatibility, the <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">Modern</span> configuration provides an extremely high level of security.
 
* Cipher suites (TLS 1.3): '''TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256'''
* Cipher suites (TLS 1.2): (none)
* Protocols: '''TLS 1.3'''
* Certificate type: '''ECDSA (P-256)'''
* TLS curves: '''X25519, prime256v1, secp384r1'''
* HSTS: '''max-age=63072000''' (two years)
* Maximum certificate lifespan: '''90 days'''
* Cipher preference: '''client chooses'''
 
<source>
0x13,0x01  -  TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256        TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any  Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x02  -  TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384        TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any  Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x03  -  TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256  TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any  Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
</source>
 
* Rationale:
** All cipher suites are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy forward secret] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption authenticated]
** The cipher suites are all strong and so we allow the client to choose, as they will know best if they have support for hardware-accelerated AES
** We recommend ECDSA certificates using P-256, as P-384 provides negligable improvements to security and Ed25519 is not yet widely supported
 
== <span style="color:orange;">'''Intermediate'''</span> compatibility (recommended) ==
<p style="max-width: 60em;">For services that don't need compatibility with legacy clients, such as Windows XP or old versions of OpenSSL. This is the recommended configuration for the vast majority of services, as it is highly secure and compatible with nearly every client released in the last five (or more) years.</p>
 
* Cipher suites (TLS 1.3): '''TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256'''
* Cipher suites (TLS 1.2): '''ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384'''
* Protocols: '''TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3'''
* TLS curves: '''X25519, prime256v1, secp384r1'''
* Certificate type: '''ECDSA (P-256)''' (recommended), or '''RSA (2048 bits)'''
* DH parameter size: '''2048''' (ffdhe2048, [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919#appendix-A.1 RFC 7919])
* HSTS: '''max-age=63072000''' (two years)
* Maximum certificate lifespan: '''90 days''' (recommended) to '''2 years'''
* Cipher preference: '''client chooses'''
 
<source>
0x13,0x01  -  TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256        TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x02  -  TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384        TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x03  -  TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256  TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2B  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2F  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2C  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x30  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xA9  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xA8  -  ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9E  -  DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9F  -  DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
</source>
 
* Rationale:
** All cipher suites are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy forward secret] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption authenticated]
** TLS 1.2 is the minimum supported protocol, as recommended by [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7525#section-3.1.1 RFC 7525], PCI DSS, and others
** ECDSA certificates are recommended over RSA certificates, as they allow the use of ECDHE with Windows 7 clients using Internet Explorer 11, as well as allow connections from IE11 on Windows Server 2008 R2
** The cipher suites are all strong and so we allow the client to choose, as they will know best if they have support for hardware-accelerated AES
** Windows XP (including all embedded versions) are no longer supported by Microsoft, eliminating the need for many older protocols and ciphers
** Administrators needing to provide access to [https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/viewClient.html?name=IE&version=11&platform=Win%207&key=36 IE 11 on Windows Server 2008 R2] and who are unable to switch to or add ECDSA certificates can add <tt>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA</tt>
** While the goal is to support a broad range of clients, we reasonably disable a number of ciphers that have little support (such as ARIA, Camellia, 3DES, and SEED)
** 90 days is the recommended maximum certificate lifespan, to encourage certificate issuance automation
 
== <span style="color:gray;">'''Old'''</span> backward compatibility ==
 
This configuration is compatible with a number of very old clients, and should be used only as a last resort.
 
* Cipher suites (TLS 1.3): '''TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256'''
* Cipher suites (TLS 1.0 - 1.2): '''ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA'''
* Protocols: '''TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3'''
* TLS curves: '''X25519, prime256v1, secp384r1'''
* Certificate type: '''RSA (2048-bits)'''
* Certificate curve: '''None'''
* DH parameter size: '''1024''' (generated with <tt>openssl dhparam 1024</tt>)
* HSTS: '''max-age=63072000''' (two years)
* Maximum certificate lifespan: '''90 days''' (recommended) to '''2 years'''
* Cipher preference: '''server chooses'''
 
<source>
0x13,0x01  -  TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256        TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x02  -  TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384        TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x03  -  TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256  TLSv1.3  Kx=any  Au=any    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2B  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2F  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2C  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x30  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xA9  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xA8  -  ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9E  -  DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9F  -  DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xAA  -  DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x23  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x27  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256        TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x09  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA        TLSv1    Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x13  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA          TLSv1    Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x24  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x28  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384        TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x0A  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA        TLSv1    Kx=ECDH  Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x14  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA          TLSv1    Kx=ECDH  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x67  -  DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256          TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x6B  -  DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256          TLSv1.2  Kx=DH    Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x9C  -  AES128-GCM-SHA256              TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9D  -  AES256-GCM-SHA384              TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x3C  -  AES128-SHA256                  TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x3D  -  AES256-SHA256                  TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x2F  -  AES128-SHA                    SSLv3    Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x35  -  AES256-SHA                    SSLv3    Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x0A  -  DES-CBC3-SHA                  SSLv3    Kx=RSA  Au=RSA    Enc=3DES(168)              Mac=SHA1
</source>
 
* Rationale:
** Take a hard look at your infrastructure needs before using this configuration; it is intended for special use cases only
** If possible, use this configuration only for endpoints that require it, segregating it from other traffic
** SSLv3 has been disabled entirely, ending support for older Windows XP SP2 clients. Users requiring support for Windows XP SP2 may use [[Security/Archive/Server Side TLS 4.0|previous versions]] of this configuration, with the caveat that SSLv3 is no longer safe to use
** This configuration requires custom builds to work with modern versions of OpenSSL, using <tt>enable-ssl3</tt>, <tt>enable-ssl3-method</tt>, <tt>enable-deprecated</tt>, and <tt>enable-weak-ssl-ciphers</tt>
** Most ciphers that are not clearly broken and dangerous to use are supported
 
= JSON version of the recommendations =
 
<p style="max-width: 60em;">Mozilla also maintains [https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/guidelines/5.3.json these recommendations] in JSON format, for automated system configuration. This location is versioned and permanent, and can be referenced in scripts and tools. The file will not change, to avoid breaking tools when we update the recommendations.</p>
 
<p style="max-width: 60em;">We also maintain a [https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/guidelines/latest.json rolling version] of these recommendations, with the caveat that they may change '''without warning''' and '''without providing backwards compatibility'''. As it may break things if you use it to automatically configure your servers without review, we recommend you use the [https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/guidelines/5.3.json version-specific file] instead.</p>
 
= Version History =
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Version
! Editor
! Changes
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 5.3
| style="text-align: center;" | April King
| Bump links to point to 5.3 guidelines, since it fixes a small JSON error
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 5.0.1
| style="text-align: center;" | April King
| Add note about IE 11 on Windows Server 2008 R2
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 5.0
| style="text-align: center;" | April King
| Server Side TLS 5.0
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 4.2
| style="text-align: center;" | April King
| Updated cipher suite table
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 4.1
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Clarify Logjam notes, Clarify risk of TLS Tickets
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Recommend ECDSA in modern level, remove DSS ciphers, publish configurations as JSON
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.8
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| redo cipher names chart (April King), move version chart (April King), update Intermediate cipher suite (ulfr)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.7
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| cleanup version table (April King), add F5 conf samples (warburtron), add notes about DHE (rgacogne)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.6
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| bump intermediate DHE to 2048, add note about java compatibility
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.5
| style="text-align: center;" | alm
| comment on weakdh vulnerability
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.4
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| added note about session resumption, HSTS, and HPKP
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.3
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| fix SHA256 prio, add POODLE details, update various templates
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.2
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Added intermediate compatibility mode, renamed other modes
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3.1
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Added non-backward compatible ciphersuite
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Remove RC4 for 3DES, fix ordering in openssl 0.9.8 ([https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1024430 1024430]), various minor updates
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.5.1
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Revisit ELB capabilities
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.5
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Update ZLB information for OCSP Stapling and ciphersuite
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.4
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Moved a couple of aes128 above aes256 in the ciphersuite
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.3
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Precisions on IE 7/8 AES support (thanks to Dobin Rutishauser)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.2
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| Added IANA/OpenSSL/GnuTLS correspondence table and conversion tool
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.1
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| RC4 vs 3DES discussion. r=joes r=tinfoil
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2.0
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent, kang
| Public release.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.5
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent, kang
| added details for PFS DHE handshake, added nginx configuration details; added Apache recommended conf
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.4
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| revised ciphersuite. Prefer AES before RC4. Prefer 128 before 256. Prefer DHE before non-DHE.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.3
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| added netscaler example conf
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.2
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| ciphersuite update, bump DHE-AESGCM above ECDH-RC4
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.1
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent, kang
| integrated review comments from Infra; SPDY information
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1.0
| style="text-align: center;" | Julien Vehent
| creation
|-
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-right: none;" | '''Document Status:'''
| style="border-left: none; color:green; text-align: center;" | '''READY'''
|}

Latest revision as of 23:17, 11 June 2026

The Server Side TLS guidelines content has moved to two places

Retrieved from "https://wiki.mozilla.org/index.php?title=Security/Server_Side_TLS&oldid=1257570"